清末民初新疆与哈萨克斯坦哈萨克族人口变迁刍议

On the Changes of the Kazaks in Xinjiang and Kazakhstan toward the End of the Qing Dynasty

19世纪,沙俄基本完成了对哈萨克草原的军事吞并,并加紧对我国西北边疆地区的侵略。长期居于中俄边境地区的哈萨克部众在这一时期发生了大规模的迁徙、流动,引起中俄当局的极大关注。相关的学者和来往电文、文件都留下许多记述。文章通过对这些资料的对照分析,力图对清末民初哈萨克族人口迁徙变动的成因、整体趋向做一系统论述,进而探究近代哈萨克族人口的变迁与哈萨克跨境民族形成之间的关系。

In the 19th century, the Tsar Russian Empire completed its military annexation of Kazak prairie, and began to intensify its invasion into Northwestern China. The Kazak tribes, long inhabited on the border areas between China and Russia, started migration and flow on a large scale, which aroused great concern of the Chinese and Russian authorities. This is proven by the then telegraphs and documents. This paper, making a contrastive analysis of these documents, attempts at a systematic exploration of the causes and general tendency of the Kazak migration toward the end o f the Qing Dynasty, and further probes into the relations between the Kazak migration in modern times and the formation of cross--border Kazak nationality.