流行病防控的伦理分析

Ethical Analysis of Epidemics Prevention and Control

目前学界对流行病防控的伦理探讨尚十分欠缺,而现有的生命医学伦理学理论不能较好地解决流行病防控中的伦理问题,应用伦理学亟需对流行病防控做出伦理回应。流行病防控中主要涉及隐私、自由和正义三个方面的伦理问题,亦即个人权利或自由与公共健康的冲突问题。流行病防控对个人行为的家长主义干预,特别是对个人自愿自涉行为的强家长主义干预必须得到伦理证明。流行病防控与社会正义和人权也有十分密切的关系,促进正义与保护人权是流行病防控的应有之意。

Ethical discussion on epidemics prevention and control is rare at present. Existing biomedical ethics can not deal well with ethical issues in epidemics prevention and control, so it is time for applied ethics responding to this sphere. The main ethical issue that will appear in epidemics prevention and control are privacy, freedom and justice, i.e. the conflict between individual rights and public healty. Tbe intervention on the individual＇s action, especially strong paternalistic intervention on individual g voluntary and self-egarding action must gain ethical justification. There is affinity between epidemics prevention and control and social justice as well as hu-man rights. The promotion of social justice and protection of human rights is the inherent content of epidemics prevention and control.