猪链球菌病流行病学及其疫苗研究现状

The Developing Situation of Vaccines and Epidemiology in Streptococcus suis

猪链球菌病流行无明显的季节性,一年四季均可发生,尤其是重症猪链球菌2型感染暴发时,致病性强,传播迅速,猪病死率高。该病同时可通过破损皮肤如伤口或擦伤传染给人,也可通过呼吸道感染人,严重感染时可引起人的死亡。控制猪链球菌病的感染,重在预防。不同类型的疫苗已研制成功或正在开发。近年来,基因工程疫苗如重组亚单位疫苗,细菌载体疫苗等新型疫苗的研究具有广泛应用前景。虽然猪链球菌病在猪群中的流行早有报道,但人类感染的报道较少,认识较局限。文章主要对该病的病原特性。流行病学及疫苗的研究做了系统的阐述,为该病的研究提供参考。

Streptococcus suis is the causative agent of a wide range of breeding industries and communal sanitation. The epidemic of this disease occurred sporadically without obvious seasonal change, especially, S. suis type 2 is considered to be higher pathogenicity, epidemic and high mortality among swine. S. suis usually occurs through occupational exposure via a cutaneous lesion, cuts or abrasions among adults, S. suis can also infect people via respiratory tract and cause death when infected severely. Prevention is the emphasis on controlling S. suis infection. Many kinds of vaccines have been researched or developing. Nowadays, genetic engineering vaccines such as recombinant subunit vaccines, bacterial deliver system vaccines have an extensive prospect in clinical applications. It was reported long time ago that S. suis occurred in swine, but the reports of people infected with S. suis were limited. So, in order to offer academic reference on studying this disease, the etiology, epidemiology and vaccines are overall reviewed in this article.