颌面创伤调查现况

Current epidemiologic research progress in maxillofacial injuries

作者对近15年来颌面部创伤流行病学的研究进展进行综述,结果显示,颌面部创伤约占全身伤的11%～34%,国内有逐渐增加的趋势。创伤以青壮年多见,10～39岁年龄段是发病高峰,40岁以后所占比例明显下降。男性发生率比女性高,男女比例约为2.11～6.11∶1。主要致伤原因是交通事故、斗殴、高处坠落、运动创伤和工伤等,在大多数国家,最常见的原因是交通事故,有的国家和地区则以斗殴常见。颌面部创伤常伴有其他部位损伤,最常见的是颅脑损伤。

Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries mainly deals with the distribution of time, space and population of injuries, and with the relation between the trauma and various factors. These researches can offer proofs for taking corresponding measures to reduce and prevent the incidence of maxillofacial injuries. The purpose of this article was to review the epidemiologic researches of maxillofacial injuries in the past 15 years, including research methods, incidence, distribution, concomitant injuries and the application of injury severity score in this field. The result demonstrated that maxillofacial injuries accounted for 11% to 34% of the whole body injuries. There was a gradual increasing trend in the incidence of maxillofacial injuries in our country. A large proportion of patients were found in the young adults. The incidence peak occurred in the age group of 10 to 39 years old. The male to female ratio was between 2.11：1 and 6.11：1. Maxillofacial injuries were predominantly caused by traffic accidents, interpersonal violence, falls, sports and industrial accidents. Traffic accidents were the leading cause of maxillofacial injuries in most countries and regions. However, interpersonal violence was the most common cause in some other countries and regions. Concomitant injuries were often seen in the maxillofacial injuries, in which craniocerebral injuries were the most common.