不同经济发展阶段地区耕地变化的对比研究——以广西江州和江苏吴江为例

A Comparison of Regional Arable Land Use Changes between Regions with Different Economic Development:A Case Study in Jiangzhou of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Wujiang of Jiangsu Province

土地利用变化与经济发展密切相关，区域经济在发展过程中呈现出阶段性，耕地作为土地的精华部分．其数量和质量变化在不同经济发展阶段表现出不同的特征。江州区和吴江市经济发展具有时序差异性，是进行区域对比研究较为理想的对象。利用统计资料分析表明，江州区经济发展伴随着耕地面积不断上升，从1990年的3.8×10^4hm^2增长到2003年的5．6×10^4hm^2；吴江市则相反，耕地与经济发展呈负相关，1990年以来耕地面积持续下降，13年中共减少了1．6×10^4hm^2。以耕地标准系数表征的耕地质量表明，吴江市耕地质量提升较快，但近年有降低趋势；江州区耕地质量整体水平较低，年际变化不大，1996年～2000年间略有下降。根据江州区产业演进趋势，借鉴吴江市发展历程，可以预计，随着江州区经济发展步伐加快，建设用地需求增加，耕地压力将会加大。在经济发展过程中要注意集约用地，保护耕地，通过投入增加和技术提高，提高耕地的生产能力。

The land use change is closely related to economy development. It was proved that the economic development in an region will experience several phrases and the characteristics of land use such as land use structure and land quality are different in each economic phase. As arable land is the core of all kinds of land use types, in some way, the changes of arable land can represent the main characteristics of land use in a region. Comparative study of cultivated land changes between Wujiang City and Jiangzhou County could be a good case because they are experiencing different economic development phases. It was found that economic development is experiencing industrialization stage in Wujiang and experiencing initial stage in Jiangzhou according to the theory of economic development phase being put forward by JIANG Qinghai. Based on statistical data, quantitative and qualitative changes of cultivated land were analyzed. The results showed that the changing trends are different in two regions. The area of arable land increased gradually from 3.8× 10^4 hm^2 in 1990 to 5.6 × 10^4 hm^2 in 2003 in Jiangzhou County. Compared to that in Jiangzhou County, arable land changes indicated a negative correlation with economyic development in Wujiang City and the area of arable land declined sharply with a rapid economic growth since 1990 and the total arable land lose is around 1.6 × 10^4 hm^2 during 13 years. Through calculating standard coefficient of arable land, it was found that quality of arable land in Wujiang increased firstly and presented a declining trend in recent years. The quality of farmland in Jiangzhou is poorer and no big change over the past years. It is predicted that, in Jiangzhou County, the demand of land for construction use would increase with the county＇s rapid economic development and the pressure on arable land would also increase gradually. In order to protect arable land and guarantee food security, some measures should be used to enhance the grain production.