周代丧葬礼器铜翣考

A Study of the Copper Sha,a Funeral Ritual Object of the Zhou Period

根据虢国墓地与应国墓地的发掘资料,兼及其他墓地资料,并结合文献记载,可以确定墓葬中所出土的一种带有长木柄的薄铜片正是周代丧葬用具中的翣。翣是一种用于遮障棺柩的装饰品,同时也是一种标志贵族身份的礼仪性丧葬器物。它在墓中往往以偶数形式出现,其数量的多少与墓主身份的高低有着密切的联系。

Based on excavated data from the Guo State and Ying State graveyards and other cemeteries and also on related literal records, it can be affirmed that the long-handled thin copper plates from these burial grounds are just the sha, a funeral object in the Zhou period. They were used as decorations for covering coffins and at the same time as funeral ritual implements for symbolizing noblemen＇s status. Usually they occur in an even number for each case, and their number is closely connected with the height of the tomb-owner＇s status. Their shape was not fixed but changed as time went on.