长江下游典型水域湿地近百年变化分析

CHANGES IN TYPICAL WATER WETLAND IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER IN THE PAST 100 YEARS

湿地是水域和陆地系统交互接壤地带形成的一种特殊类型的生态系统,具有十分重要的生态服务功能。长江中下游地区分布着以湖泊和河流湿地为主的大面积湿地,同时也是人口密集区,水域湿地在近百年发生了巨大变化。选择长江下游太湖平原上的典型湿地为例,根据历史史料记载和近代精确的地形图、遥感资料,首次得出了研究区近百年水域湿地的精确面积和空间分布状况,并对影响其变化的因素进行了分析。对揭示长江下游湿地环境的变化规律做了有益的探索。

The wetland, between water and land, is a special ecosystem with function of important ecological service. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there distributes a large area of wetland, including mainly lacustrine and riverine wetland, with inhabitation of dense population, and the enormous changes have occurred in the wetland in the past one hundred years. Taking the typical wetland of Tai Lake plain in the lower reaches of Yangtze River as an example, this paPer for the first time reported the accurate area of the water body wetland and spatial distribution in the past 100 years, based on historical data, modern accurate topographic map and remote sensing materials. Factors influencing the changes were analyzed in this paper. The present research is considered to have values in understanding changes of the wetland environment in the lower reaches of Yangtze River.