长江源区生态功能区划与生态系统管理

ECOSYSTEM DELINEATION ON PRIORITY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN THE UPPER YANGTZE RIVER

生态功能区划是近年来我国着力建设的一个新的关于资源与环境管理的框架。首先简要讨论了生态功能区划的性质,指出生态功能区划是基于生态系统的地理框架。与生态区比较,生态功能区强调人文活动对生态系统提供产品和服务能力的影响,并反映人类的价值判断。生态功能区划的最终目的是以生态系统的等级结构和尺度原则为基础,在不同尺度水平上实施“基于生态系统的管理”。以长江源区为例,进行了生态功能区划的实证分析。其基本认识是,按照生态系统的自然边界划分生态系统单元;进行生态系统描述和评价;在确定主导生态功能的基础上划分不同的生态功能区。最后讨论了按照生态系统原理对长江源生态功能分区进行管理和建设。

The ecosystem delineation on ecosystem services is an important baseline framework for resource and environmental management pursued by China in recently years. In this paper, the authors first discussed the nature of delineation, and then pointed out that the delineation is an ecosystem-based geographical identification, with a focus especially on ecosystem viability influenced by human activities and integrated human values. Through the delineation, we need not only to answer where an ecosystem is and what it provides, but also answer how people value its provision and how human values affect the sustainability of an ecosystem. The ecosystem delineation on ecosystem services, based on the nested hierarchy organization of the ecosystem and its multi-scale characters, aims at multi-scale ecosystem management. As a case study, watershed-based delineation of ecosystems on priority ecosystem services in the upper Yangtze River is developed and presented. It is concluded that the main task comprises of delineating ecosystem units and services, assessing ecosystem integrity, and naming the dominated ecosystem function. Finally, the ecosystem management recommendations in the upper Yangtze River are given under the new framework.