土地形成的社会动力学——德国大型“水厂”的经验(论文摘编)(英文)

SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF TERRA-FORMING ——GERMAN EXPERIENCES WITH LARGE SCALE WATER WORKS (IN BRIEF)

The contribution redefines the concept of “terra-forming” and the basically technical term “water works” from a sociological interpretation of metabolism: since human reproduction emancipated from mere participation from nature, it became, at least, a systematic transformation of nature. Irrigation and drainage became the twin brothers of agriculture and mining, the most important modifiers of both metabolism and nature itself. From the early “hydraulic” toward modern “industrial” societies, the systemic conditions of reproduction evolved hand in hand with accompanying social dynamics.

The contribution redefines the concept of ＂terra-forming＂ and the basically technical term ＂water works＂ from a sociological interpretation of metabolism., since human reproduction emancipated from mere participation from nature, it became, at least, a systematic transformation of nature. Irrigation and drainage became the twin brothers of agriculture and mining, the most important modifiers of both metabolism and nature itself. From the early ＂hydraulic＂ toward modern ＂industrial＂ societies, the systemic conditions of reproduction evolved hand in hand with accompanying social dynamics. The regulation of large rivers was and still is impossible without complementary social integration~ industry as regulation of work flows was and still is impossible without＂ division of labor and, thus, of social stratification. Both the systemic conditions of reproduction and the social dynamics of stratification will be analyzed along two lines of ＂water works＂： （1） strip mining of brown coal and （2） dam building.