水分胁迫对滨海盐碱地水稻发育的影响

Effect of Water Stress in Littoral Kaline Soil on Rice Plants

采用盆栽与蒸渗仪对比栽培的方式,研究了水分胁迫对水稻生理生化指标及产量的影响。结果表明:胁迫使植株叶水势、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、光合速率均有所降低。主要影响表现在光合产物的减少,进而降低了水稻茎秆中淀粉的含量,提高了α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶的活性,加速了淀粉的水解,促进了贮藏碳水化合物的输出。分蘖期遭受水分胁迫使胁迫期水稻分蘖数显著减少,叶面积指数明显减小。拔节孕穗期遭受水分胁迫在单阶段胁迫中减产幅度最大,分蘖期、抽穗开花期紧随其后,分蘖、拔节孕穗期连续中度胁迫减产幅度超过任一时期。

In the condition of pot-grown and evapor-infihration method, the effects of water stress on physiology, biochemistry and yield of rice were studied. The result indicated that water stress reduced leaf water potential, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content and the rate of photosynthesis. It reduced photosynthetic product, starch content in culm, increased the activity of α-amylase and β- amylase, promoting hydrolyze of starch and stored carbohydrate exporting. Water stress in tillering period reduced tiller number and leaf area index remarkably. Water stress in shooting and bearing period had the largest yield loss, following with the tillering stage and heading stage.