中美不同年代大豆品种农艺性状的比较

Comparison of Agronomic Traits of Soybean Cultivars from America and China in Different Ages

选用地理纬度相似的中国辽宁省、美国俄亥俄州新近育成的大豆品种,分别和中国辽宁省20世纪20年代老品种进行了农艺性状的比较研究。结果表明:中美大豆品种主要农艺性状遗传改进的共有趋势是主茎荚数、单株荚数、3粒和4粒荚率、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重、粒茎比、收获指数明显增加。株高、主茎节数、节间长度和分枝数显著降低。美国新品种的单株荚数、单株粒数和粒茎比的增加幅度明显高于同期的中国新品种。而中国新品种的百粒重显著高于美国新品种。施肥水平对不同年代大豆品种主要农艺性状也有一定影响,且美国新品种在高肥条件下比中国新品种表现出更高的增产潜力。

The experiment was made for comparison of main agronomic traits of soybean cultivars of Liaoning Province, China and Ohio State, USA in different ages. The results showed that pods of main stem, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, 100 - seed weight, seed/stem ratio, pods with 3 or 4 seeds increased greatly through years of genetic improvement. Meanwhile, plant height, pods of branches, internode length decreased. The cultivars of America had more pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed/stem ratio than those of China, while Chinese cultivars had higher 100-seed weight. The results also revealed that fertilizer level had an obvious effect on main yield characters. Under high fertilizer level eultivars of America achieved the highest yield among all the tested cultivars.