从传统针灸学到现代针灸学——针灸现代化50年之回顾

From Traditional Acupuncture to Medern Acupuncture:looking back to fifty years of acupuncture medernization

现代针灸学的理论基础不同于传统针灸学,前者是以运用现代科学技术、方法对相关问题的研究所获取的现代科学意义上的规律作为指导理论,机理的阐明完全立足于现代科学意义的相关知识体系,并以神经一内分泌一免疫网络学说及针灸效应的四大规律为该体系的理论核心;而传统针灸学则是以阴阳五行学说、脏腑气血学说、经络学说等为基本理论;在临床上,现代针灸学充分利用现代诊疗技术和方法,以辨病为主导,针刺手法注重的是强弱刺激与针刺效应的关系;而传统针灸学则是借助四诊八纲以辨证为主导,针刺手法强调的是补泻。

The theoretical basis of modern acupuncture is different from the basis of traditional acupuncture. The former uses laws of modern science as a guiding theory that are achieved by means of modern science and technology through research on relevant questions and through the explanation of the mechanism based on the related system of knowledge. However, the basic theory of traditional acupuncture concerns yin and yang, and the five elements theory, the zang and fu theory as well as the qi and blood theory. Modern acupuncture makes full use of modern diagnostic techniques and methods to guide its diagnoses, stressing the relation between strength of stimuli and effect in acupuncture therapy. Traditional acupuncture is concerned with differentiation of symptoms and signs guided by the four diagnostic methods and the eight principal syndromes, stressing reinforcing and reduction in acupuncture therapy. In addition, modern acupuncture is different from experimental acupuncture, but the latter forms the basis for modern acupuncture.