国外“边缘人”研究略论

Review of Foreign Researches on the Marginal Man

在齐美尔的“外来人”的基础上,帕克于1928年率先提出了“边缘人”概念。但帕克对“边缘人”的界定并没有厘清边缘情境和边缘人之间的关系,这致使后来许多学者对此做了很多精致工作。在对“边缘人”概念的探讨过程中,国外“边缘人”研究的不足有以下几方面:注重概念分析,缺乏成熟理论的构建;多理论性的探讨,少实证性的研究;研究的案例多局限在犹太人、黑人、移民这三种类型。未来的边缘人研究也将在此几方面继续发展。

On the basis of the Stranger concept of Simmel, Robert E. Park created the concept of the marginal man firstly in 1928. However, the relation between marginal situation and the marginal man wasn＇t differentiated enough, so some efforts were made to clarify it by some other scholars. With the discussion about the concept of the marginal man, some disadvantages were found as follows ： Too much attention was paid to the analysis of the concept of the marginal man, so little efforts were made to design the theory ; Academic discussions were paid more attention to than experimental researches ; The cases of researches were restricted to Jews, Negroes and immigrants. Based on the aforementioned several aspects, the further researches on the marginal man will develop forward.