水旱协调选择混合育种中冬小麦性状遗传相关分析及其早代性状选择

Analysis of Genetic Relatedness of Traits and Its Selection in Early Generation on Winter Wheat in the Shuttle Breeding between Irrigation and Drought Planting Environments

为进一步完善水旱协调选择混合小麦育种方法,以不同生态类型的小麦品种为材料,设置充分灌溉、旱作雨养单株稀播、旱作雨养产量比较和干旱棚抗旱性鉴定3种生态环境4种处理,分别研究了冬小麦主要农艺性状与抗旱性的关系、对应性状相关关系及性状遗传力。结果表明,(1)产量比较试验中,小麦的抗旱性与成穗数呈显著正相关,与经济系数呈较大正相关;在旱作雨养单株稀播条件下,小麦抗旱性与单株次生根数呈显著正相关,与基部不孕小穗数呈显著负相关,与株高呈较大正相关;在充分灌溉条件下抗旱性与农艺性状则无显著相关。(2)按照育种目标,充分灌溉条件下单株选择田选择的重点性状是千粒重、单株成穗数、穗长、株高,旱作雨养条件下,单株选择的重点性状是千粒重、穗长、单株次生根数。(3)不同生态环境下各性状的遗传力有所不同,穗长、株高、千粒重、基部不孕小穗在水旱两种环境下遗传力较高,因而具有双重的选择高效率,易于早代进行双重选择;遗传力高、易于早代选择的其他性状,在旱作雨养环境下为顶部不孕小穗数、单株次生根条数,在充分灌溉环境下为主茎小穗数、主茎穗粒数,而单株成穗数、单株产量不宜进行早代选择。

The relations between main agronomic characters and droughtresistant, the genetic power of agronomic characteristics were studied in winter wheat. Through shuttle breeding between irrigation and drought plantins environments, which was conducted with different ecotypic wheat varieties under three conditions and four treatments,namely single plant selection in full irrigated ＆non-irrigated trial fields, yield comparison in non-irrigated trial fields and drought-resistant apprasal, it showed that： 1. The corelations between drought-resistance with ears per ha and secondary roots of plants in non-irrigated trial fields are positive and significant, respectively ; the corelations between drought-resistance with economic coefficient and plant height in non-irrigated trial fields are much more positive and significant; the corelations between drought-resistance and bottom sterility small ears is remarkably negative; the corelation between drought-resistance and agricuhural characteristics in full irrigated field is not obvious. 2. Based on wheat breeding purpose, main characteristic in selection full irrigated land was 1000-grain weight per ear, ear length and plant weight. Main characteristic in selection non-irrigated land was 1000-grain weight, ear length and single plant secondary root. 3. Genetic power under different conditions was different. Ear length, plant weight, 1000-giain weight, bottom sterile and small ears could be selected in both irrigation and drought conditions, top sterice and small ear, single secondary foot and of small ears main stem, main stem ears could be selected in irrigated land, but it was not suitable for single ears, single plant yield.