施氮量对强筋春小麦氮素代谢、产量和品质的影响

Effect of Different Nitrogen Level on Nitrogen Metabolic Characteristic,Grain Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Spring Wheat

为给春小麦合理施肥提供依据,在肥力中等的土壤上设置了不同施氮水平的春小麦肥料试验,对东北地区春小麦氮素代谢特性、氮素与春小麦产量和品质的关系进行了研究。结果表明,施氮量对产量的影响呈二次曲线关系,Y=2024.2+24.095X-0.0958X2(R2=0.9856,P=0.0039)。获得春小麦最高产量的施氮量为125.8 kg/ha,产量达3 539.3 kg/ha;最佳经济施氮量为107.5 kg/ha,产量达3 507.3 kg/ha。在一定氮肥用量范围内,随着施氮量的增加,小麦叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)均呈增加趋势,小麦品质特性也得到了明显改善。处理间相比,以施氮量120 kg/ha处理的小麦籽粒品质及面团流变学特性表现较好,小麦籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、湿面筋含量及沉淀值分别为17.3%、64.7%、42.5%和65.2 mL。因此,在肥力中等的土壤上,为获得春小麦的最佳产量与品质,氮肥施用量应控制在120 kg/ha左右。

Field experiment was carried out to investigate nitrogen metabolic characteristic, grain yield and quality of northeast region spring wheat as affected by different nitrogen application level under the conditions of middle fertility soil. The results showed that it was a quadratic regression equation between nitrogen rate and grain. Y=2024.2＋24. 095X-0. 0958X^2 （R^2=0. 9856,P=0.0039）. The best spring wheat yield was 3539.3 kg/ha as the nitrogen application was 125.8 kg/ha. The yield was 3 507.3 kg/ha as the best economical nitrogen application was 107. 5 kg/ha. In certain range of nitrogen application, with nitrogen application increased, the content of wheat chlorophyll and the activities of NRA increased, the grain quality characteristic was improved. The treatment N120 was the better at quality and dough theological characteristics, total protein content, starch content, wet gulten content and zeleny sedimentation of grain was 17. 3%, 64.7%, 42.5% and 65.2 mL among different treatments, respectively. To get the best grain yield and quality of spring wheat, the nitrogen application was about 120 kg/ha on middle fertility soil.