四象限光电探测器用于转速测量的研究

Measuring rotor speed and direction with quadrant photoelectric detectors

提出了一种利用四象限光电探测器对转子速度大小和方向进行非接触测量的方法,推导了相关的理论计算公式,并给出了模拟计算结果和实验结果。利用该方法研制了测量装置,该装置采用自准直式的光学系统,利用四象限硅光电探测器作为检测元件。通过对转子端表面进行简单巧妙的处理,测量传感器输出用于测量转子旋转速度大小及判别旋转方向的两路正交的方波信号,将这两路信号进行四倍频及辨向处理后,再送入单片机进行处理计算,可以得到转子的旋转速度大小及其旋转方向。测量装置采用象限相减的差动信号处理方式,可以有效克服噪声的影响及外部干扰信号的影响;采用过零检测处理电路,能够有效避免光源强度的变化对测量结果的影响;系统具有测量精度高,测量范围大的特点。

A non-contact measuring technology for rotor speed and its direction with quadrant photoelectric detectors is put forward, and the related theory formula is deduced, then simulative results and experimental results are also given. The instrument uses self-collimating optics structure, and one quadrant Si-photoelectric cell is used as the detector. With specially disposed rotor surface, the transducer generates two orthogonal square waves. After quadrupling and directions judging, these signals are sent to a single chip microcomputer. Finally the instrument outputs the speed and direction of the rotor. Because the subtraction processes is adopted, the system can eliminate the noise and outside disturbance signals effectively; and pass-zero processing method can avoid the effect of optics facular intensity c.hanges. It has wide measurement range and high accuracy.