恶劣天气对凡纳滨对虾低盐度养殖水体的影响

Influence of Atrocious Weather on Water Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low Salinity Stocking

通过池塘陆基围隔实验，研究了恶劣天气对凡纳滨对虾低盐度养殖水体的影响，早晨7：00平均水温29．2～29．6℃，溶解氧平均3．9～4．6mg·L^-1，pH值平均7．7～8．1，下午6：00平均水温31．5～31.6℃，溶解氧平均5.2～5.8mg·L^-1，pH值平均8．3～8.8，实验期水体平均盐度3～5，水体理化因子组成及变化范围控制在对虾生长最适要求．各围隔养殖水温、溶解氧和pH昼夜差异显著，高温晴好天气水温和pH昼夜差明显加大，台风和强降雨使水温和pH下降．养殖水体化学耗氧量平均10．41～12．64mg·L^-1，透明度平均20cm，二者主要受藻类培养和对虾养殖时间影响．恶劣天气和水体藻相对养殖水体环境影响最为显著．

Enclosures were set up for research of atrocious weather influence on water environment of Litopenaeus vannamei low salinity stocking. The results showed that the average of culture water temperature （T） were 29.2 ～29.6 ℃ at 7：00AM and 31.5 ～31.6 ℃ at 6：00PM,contents of dissolved oxygen（DO） 3.9～4.6 mg · L^-1 at 7：00AM and 5.2 ～5.8 mg· L^-1 at 6：00PM,value of pH 7.7 ～8.1 at 7：00AM and 8.3 -8.8 at 6：00PM,and the water salinity 3 ～ 5, the water physical and chemical factor compositions and ranges of fluctuation satisfied the optimal demands of shrimp growth. The day and night differences of T, DO and pH were significant in the controlled enclosures, hut the T and pH differences day and night increased obviously during the fine and high temperature days, and dropped rapidly during atrocious weather of typhoon and rainstorm. The evenness of chemical oxygen depletion （COD） were 10.41 ～ 12.64 mg · L^-1 and transparency 20 cm in the experiment enclosures, they were impacted by algae cuhivation and shrimp stocking time. The atrocious weather and algae system impact- ed the stocking water environment evidently.