嵌入性政治对村落经济绩效的影响——小岗村的个案研究

Embedded Political Influences on Economic Efficiency in a Village——A Case Study on Xiaogang Village

当我们分析和解释村落经济的变迁过程时,不能仅仅考虑单纯经济行为逻辑的作用,还需要考虑社会系统中其他非经济因素的影响。小岗村是中国农村“大包干”改革的发源地,在合作化和集体化过程中,村落经济从自给自足走向崩溃,其原因是在合作化和集体化过程中出现了嵌入性政治,它破坏了村落经济的原有基础、社会关系和个体自我谋生手段。“大包干”标志着农民摆脱了嵌入性政治,获得自主选择权,从而复活了村落经济。

Xiaogang Village is a source place of China＇s rural ＂Dabaogan＂ （household responsibility system） reformation. In the process of cooperation and collectivization, village economy went from autarky into collapse. The reason is that, during the process, the embedded politics appeared there destroyed the former basis of village economy, social relationship and self-making-living means. ＂Dabaogan＂ makes peasants to break away from the embedded politics, and to get self-choice rights, therefore, it revived village economy.