生物入侵对遗传多样性的影响

Influence of Biological Invasion on Genetic Diversity

以国内外本领域研究的一些具体实例为依据,从生物入侵的遗传危害和入侵中出现的进化现象两方面讨论了生物入侵对遗传多样性的影响。指出生物入侵对遗传多样性的影响具有双重后果。对于入侵种而言,一方面,奠基者效应导致遗传多样性降低,另一方面,入侵种通过加性遗传效应、上位遗传效应、杂交、基因渐渗等作用又会增加其遗传多样性。而对于被入侵区域土著种而言,生境片断化、与入侵种的杂交、基因渐渗等作用导致本地种遗传多样性降低。

The present paper outlines influences of biological invasion on genetic diversity of both native species and invasive species. The influence of biological invasion on genetic diversity has major two adverse effects on invasive species and native species. For invasive species, firstly, founder effect can reduce the genetic diversity. Secondly, on the other hand, genetic diversity of invaders will increase by additive genetic variance, epistatic genetic variance, hybridization and introgression etc. In compassion, for native species, habitat fragmentation, hybridization and introgression will lead to the reduction of its genetic diversity. According to the data collected home and abroad, there was demonstrated biological invasion＇s influence on genetic diversity from the genetic hazard and evolutionary biology.