读者的认知图式与文学翻译中的“异化”

从对读者认知图式的角度考察,文学文本的主要功能是以“异化”的形式和内容打破、更新、重组读者的原有认知图式以及建立新图式。文学文本的此项特殊的功能不应因翻译过程而有所改变。因此,在文学翻译中,一方面,应采用“异化”翻译策略,保留原文中“异”的成分,以使译文对译文读者的认知图式起到文学文本应有的更新作用;另一方面,“异化”翻译的实现程度取决于译文读者现有认知水平。鉴于此,随着不同文化间交流的不断加强,读者认知水平的不断提高,今后文学翻译的“异化”程度也必将越来越高。

Approached from the TT＂ readers＇ perspectives, literary texts function to break, refresh and reorganize readers＇ existing schemata and build new schemata. This unique function of literary texts should be retained in the process of translation. Therefore, in literary translation, on the one hand, foreignizing translation strategy should be adopted to preserve those ＂foreign＂ elements of the source text so that the translated literary texts could function to refresh TI＂ readers＇ existing schemata. On the other hand, the actual realization of foreignization is subject to the TI＂ readers＇ acceptability, which in turn is decided by their existing schemata. It is possible that as the result of the intensifying communications among cultures and the increased knowledge of TI＂ readers about foreign things, literary transla- tion will have an ever higher degree of foreignization in the future.