从日本的文学作品看日本人的审美意识——以芭蕉的美学理念为中心

日本的作家往往运用新奇的比喻和想象来表现复杂和微妙的情感。尤其是日本的诗人,他们经常把特殊的情感本身寄托于不相干的事物中以间接的,甚至以希言的形式表达出来。因此,仅从其文字部分描述的外景去欣赏其作品,根本无法准确地把握其真意．但实际上这是一种朦胧的美感启示。要想揭开其面纱,窥见其美。除了要了解作家出生的年代、社会背景、历史背景等客观因素之外,关键是要掌握其人生观,世界观和宗教观所支配的审美态度和审美意识．

Japanese writers usually make use of novel delicate emotions. The Japanese poets in particular usually parables and unusual imaginations to express complicated and place special emotions on irrelevant objects and express these emotions in an indirect way. Sometimes they even use as few words as possible to express themselves. Therefore, it is impossible to grasp the intendments of their works only from their descriptions of the exterior objects. In fact, it is a kind of obscure enlightenment of esthetic feelings. To uncover its veil and peek its beauty, it is necessary that one should know about the objective elements such as the background of the writers＇ birth, social and historical context, etc. Most important of all, one should know about the esthetic attitude and esthetic awareness which are dominated by the moral outlook, the world outlook and the religious outlook of the writers.