等价交换中的不平等问题研究

Study on the Inequality in Equivalent Exchange

劳动生产率差异、供求非均衡、垄断、非对称信息和非市场定价等条件下的商品交换都会产生不平等问题,但这类不平等问题都源于不等价交换。实际上,商品的等价交换仍然会产生不平等问题,其直接原因在于生产价格的形成,而生产价格的形成是隶属于不同所有者或利益主体的资本追逐利润的结果。生产价格形成后,价值(剩余价值)在不同产业或地区之间发生了转移,劳动投入和所得不再完全一致。不过,这种不一致在一国范围内和世界市场上具有本质的区别。

The difference of labor productivity, non - equilibrium of supply and demand, monopoly, unsymmetrical information and pricing to non - market lead to inequality at times. However, this kind of inequality is subject to non - equivalent exchange. In fact, equivalent exchange leads to inequality also. Its direct reason is that production price comes into being, which is determined by the profit - seeking capital belonging to different owners or interest parties. After the production price comes into being, value （surplus value） transfers among different industries and areas. And so labor expending is inconsistent with its income. But then the inconsistency is of essential difference between national market and world market.