低氮环境下燕麦与箭筈豌豆间混作与刈割时间对饲草产量及质量特性的影响

Effect of intercropping or mixture and harvest time on forage yield and quality of oat and pea under low soil nitrogen environment

对北京市延庆县旱作低N土壤环境下燕麦与箭筈豌豆间混播6种方式与比例对饲草产量与质量特性影响进行了研究。结果表明，在低N环境下，与燕麦单作相比，箭筈豌豆与燕麦间混播不仅可增加饲草中干物质产量，饲草N产量也可增加30％～130％；而且燕麦与箭筈豌豆间混作对饲草质量也有显著影响（P〈0．01）。间混作能够降低饲草中ADF与NDF含量，提高燕麦开花后饲草RFV值。4种间混作处理在饲草产量与饲草品质方面各有优点，也各有不足。在低N环境下，如果以饲草产量和饲草N产量为主要追求目标，则燕麦与箭筈豌豆1：1邻行间作方式为最佳播种模式，其次依次分别是燕麦与箭筈豌豆1：1同行混播、燕麦与箭筈豌豆1：2同行混播、燕麦与箭筈豌豆2：1同行混播。燕麦与箭筈豌豆间混播最佳刈割期为燕麦乳熟期＋箭筈豌豆满荚期，因为此时混合饲草产量最高，饲草N产量与RFV较高，而ADF与NDF较低。

The experiment was carried out in Yanqing County of Beijing to study the effects of different intercropping and mixture modes on forage yield and quality of oat and pea under low soil nitrogen environment. The results indicated the intercropping and mixture of pea and oat could not only enhance dry forage yields and forage nitrogen yields, but also reduce content of forage ADF and NDF, and raise RFV of oat at post - anthesis stage under low soil nitrogen environment, comparing with oat monoculture. All the four treatments of intercropping or mixture had their own advantages and disadvantages in forage yield and quality. If the main objective was to gain more forage yield and nitrogen yield, the best planting mode of oat and pea was 1 ： 1 intercropping, then in turn 1 ： 1, 1 ： 2 and 2 ： 1 mixtures. The optimum harvest time of intercropping and mixture was milky maturity stage of oat and pod filling stage of pea, when the mixture forage yield was the highest, the nitrogen yield and RFV were relatively high, and ADF and NDF were relatively low.