关于构式“有+VP”

On the Construction of "YOU+VP"

“有+VP”在古汉语中早就存在。当前出现在现代汉语中的“有+VP”构式是随着社会经济的发展“有+VP”结构在当今社会掀起的复兴,是汉语言发展与时俱进的表现。该构式的复兴也有其本身具有的特点和功能的原因。“有+VP”构式中,“有”依然是动词,在其为谓语中心的句子中作谓语,表存在,不是动词“有”的虚化;“VP”的内层语法特性依然是动词,表陈述,但在该构式的使用中,其体现的外层语法特性是指称,包括自指和转指,表行为事件本身或行为的对象与主体。“有+VP”构式是对现代汉语表达方式的一种补充,它具有形式简练、表达丰富、功能鲜明的特点。其中“有”的“存在”义使得其后的VP动态性弱化,从而使得其自身的意义得到强化,可以用来表明动作行为等的曾经产生、存在、完成和持续等,有表示肯定、强调、标示信息焦点的功能。但在一定语境条件下,“有”自身也是信息焦点,表“存在”。

The present construction ＂YOU＋VP＂ is actually the revival of the ancient structure ＂YOU＋VP＂,thanks to its specific features and functions. In this construction,＂YOU＂ is still a verb,mostly meaning ＂exist＂;＂VP＂ is still the verb in the inner-level grammatical property, expressing statement, but in actual use it expresses denotation, including self-denotation and transforming denotation. This construction is a complement to modern Chinese language with the features of concise form, rich meaning and vivid effect. The meaning of ＂exist＂ of ＂YOU＂ softens the action of the ＂VP＂,and strengthens its own meaning at once,expressing emphasis and information focus marker. And in a certain situation, ＂YOU＂ itself is the information focus, expressing ＂exist＂.