美国出口管制政策、对华出口管制及其发展趋势研判

An Analysis on U.S.' Export Control Policy and its Export Control to China and Its Development Tendency

出口管制政策是美国为保障国家安全、实现外交政策所采取的经济手段之一。美国出口管制政策的原则有国家安全原则、外交政策原则和短缺物质原则等,出口管制政策的措施主要有许可证审批、商品管制清单和国别分类组等内容。影响美国对华出口管制政策未来发展的因素众多,如中国经济崛起、台海局势及美国对华巨额贸易逆差等,短期内美国不太可能放松直至取消对华出口管制政策。美国对华出口管制政策既损害了美国自身经济贸易的发展,也损害了中国经济贸易的发展,其实质是一种经济帝国主义的表现。

The export control policy is one of economic methods that U. S. A guarantees its national security and achieves its foreign policy objectives. The export control principles include national securi- ty, foreign policy and economic shortage, etc. The export control measures are made up of three major parts： the examination and approval of the license, the list of controlled goods, the country groups, etc. There are many factors to influence the future development of U.S. export control policy to china, such as the rising of Chinese economy abruptly, the Taiwan Straits＇ situations, the huge trade deficits of U.S. to China, etc. In the short run, it is impossible that U.S. loosens and cancels its export control policy to China. The U.S. export control policy to China both harms itself economy and trade and injures Chinese economy and trade, it is essentially an economic imperialism.