明人“传奇”称名的观念基础及其渊源

A Study of the Ming People's Use of Chuanqi

南戏发展到明代,出现了创作上的分化———重伎艺性的民间南戏和重文学性的文人南戏。历史上,“南戏”(“戏文”)这一称名包含了文人阶层对艺人们伎艺性扮演行为的习惯认识,它不足以体现文人的文学性剧作的价值和品格,故明代文人阶层意图以“传奇”称名来体现其剧作的文学内涵,以区别于艺人们的伎艺性南戏。这一改称反映出文人阶层对文人南戏价值品格的认定,而选用“传奇”称名也有其文学渊源和戏剧观念背景。

This paper studies the history of how the Ming people used Chuanqi to refer to the Nanxi dramas by literati. The Development of the Nanxi drama creation in the Ming Dynasty resulted in two forms-skill-focused folk Nanxi drama and literature-focused Nanxi drama. The term ＂Nanxi （Xiwen）＂ involves the literati＇ s habitual understanding of artists＇ professional performance, which, however, can not embody the literary value and character of drama creation. Therefore, the term ＂Chunqi＂ is borrowed to emphasize the value of literary drama, separating it from the skill-focused Nanxi. As an adaptation for the literati＇ s literature-focused Nanxi drama, ＂Chuanqi＂ reflects the concept of drama of that time.