文学与政治——从竹内好对鲁迅的诠释出发

Literature and Politics——Yoshimi Takeuchi's Interpretation of Lu Xun

鲁迅是中国最早提出“纯文学”这个概念的作家之一。但是,鲁迅却不是一个通常意义上的纯文学作家。与政治的密切关系是中国古代文学的重要特点。政治是文学不可回避的内容。但是,文学/政治的二元的对立是近代建构的结果。艺术自主性是为了对抗资产阶级的世俗现代性。而文学的重新政治化是左翼为了引进新的无产阶级大众政治而开辟的一个新的重要维度。但是,“纯文学”的建构可以是不同的维度。今天,我们对于政治和文学关系的重新认识首先就是要从这种政治/文学的结构中解放出来。

Lu Xun was one of the earliest writers who referred to the idea of pure literature. But Lu Xun was not a writer of pure literature. It is one of the important features of Chinese ancient literature that literature has close relations with politics. Politics is the content of literature. Whatever, it is the result of how the antithesis between literature and politics was built. Autonomy of art is for resisting the secular modernity of the bourgeoisie. It is that to begin politics anew is a new important dimension for bring- ing in new mass politics of the proletariat. However, the construction of pure literature is possible by a different dimension. Today, if we want to have a new understanding of the relation between politics and literature, we must liberate ourselves from the dimension of politics and literature.