余氏蒙古族与藏区其他蒙古族之比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Yu Mongolians and Other Mongolians in Tibetan Areas

今四川省甘孜藏族自治州泸定县兴隆乡沈村，居住着一支近千人的余姓蒙古族。这支蒙古族保留有记载自己历史渊源及历代事迹的族谱，称《余氏历代家谱》。按该族谱所载，余氏蒙古族系元朝皇帝宗亲，于明初进入康巴藏区，明、清两朝，敕封“沈边土司”，统治今沈村一带。余氏蒙古族属较为特殊的一支藏区蒙古族群体，历史上，其真正的族属，一直模糊不清，考之于有关正史，均缺载，见载的方志，也称其为“汉人”，1981年才被正式认定为蒙古族。因而，余氏蒙古族虽是一支入居藏区的元朝宗室，但在蒙藏民族交往的历史上，一直寂寞无闻，从未被纳入对藏区蒙古族研究的视线。本文拟将其置于整个藏区蒙古族当中，与其他藏区蒙古族做一比较，对于全面探索蒙藏民族关系，是有必要的。

Nearly a thousand people of Mongolian nationality with their surname Yu now live in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. This Mongolian nationality keeps records of its historical origins and has a genealogy entitled ＂The Yu Clan Genealogy＂. According to this genealogy, the Yu Mongolian nationality, descended from one of the clansmen of a Yuan Dynasty emperor, who entered the Kangba Tibetan area in the beginning of the Ming dynasty, was imperially ordered as the Tusi of Shen Bian and whose descendants ruled the present areas of Shen village during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Yu Mongolian nationality is rather special in the Tibetan areas, and historically, its ethnic affiliation has remained blurred. In official historiography, there are no records; in local gazetteers, they are listed as being of Han nationality, and it was not till 1981 that they were officially recognized as being of the Mongolian national minority. Though the Yu Mongolian nationality descends from a branch of the Yuan dynasty imperial clansmen that entered the Tibetan area, it has been neither recorded in the history of the interchanges between the Mongolian and Tibetan nationalities, nor given any attention in the research on the Mongolian nationality in the Tibetan areas. This article places the Yu Mongolians in the context of the Mongolian nationality in the Tibetan areas, and argues that a comparison between the Yu Mongolian nationality and the Mongolian nationality in the Tibetan areas is necessary to a comprehensive exploration of ethnic relations between Mongolia and Tibet.