临沂市蔬菜水果中有机磷农药残留的检测及去除方法研究

EXAMINATION AND REMOVAL OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN VEGETABLES AND FRUITS IN LINYI CITY

目的 了解临沂市蔬菜、水果中有机磷农药的残留情况，研究蔬菜、水果中农药残留的去除方法。方法 于2004-2005年在临沂市抽检样品115件进行8种有机磷农药检测，其中蔬菜86件，水果29件。用有机磷农药沾污青菜，再用不同方法处理，分别测出处理前后青菜中的农药残留量，计算去除率。结果 临沂市部分蔬菜有机磷农药检出率为16．3％，水果有机磷农药检出率为24.1％；8种有机磷农药检出6种，其中禁止使用的高毒农药占52．6％，叶菜类、根茎类、瓜茄类和鲜豆类四类蔬菜的有机磷农药残留量无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；温室蔬菜的超标率高于露天种植蔬菜（P〈0．05）。食用碱水浸泡法去除率为71．4％，洗涤剂浸泡法去除率为65．4％，食用盐水浸泡法去除率为62．7％，沸水浸泡法为70，7％，效果均优于清水浸泡法（去除率为45．5％）。结论 临沂市部分蔬菜水果中存在有机磷农药残留；通过碱水浸泡、沸水浸泡等方法可显著降低蔬菜中的农药残留量。

Objective To investigate the situation of organphosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in Linyi City and to study the methods of removing them. Methods Surveys were performed in 2004 and 2005. 115 samples including 86 vegetables and 29 fruits were collected to detect 8 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides. Vegetables were contaminated with pesticide, and then treated with different methods. Results 16. 3 % of the vegetables and 24.1% of the fruits were detected. Among all of the 8 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides,6 were detected in this survey and 52.6% of them are prohibited from being used in planting vegetables ang fruits according to relevant law and regulation. The unqualified rates were similar between leaf , melon, rootsteam and phaseolus vegetables（ P 〉0.05）, and the detection rate of vegetables planted in greenhouse was higher than that in the outside（ P 〈 0.05）. The removal rates of alkaline, detergent , saline and boiled water immersion were 71.4% ,65.4% and 62.7% respectively,all higher than that of clean water wash （45.5%）. Conclusion The situation of organphosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in Linyi should be paid more attention to and some methods such as using sodium chloride can remove most of the organphosphorus pesticide in vegetables.