从原型理论看及物性物质过程的非标记现在时态——对Halliday观点的质疑

Arguments on Unmarked Present Tense in Material Process from the Perspective of Prototype Theory

Halliday教授在《功能语法导论》中认为,心理过程的非标记现在时态是一般现在时,而物质过程的非标记现在时态是现在进行时,笔者对此观点提出质疑。以原型理论为框架,从语法原型以及相关调查数据论证物质过程的非标记现在时态是一般现在时而非现在进行时。范畴原型是一种非标记现象,自然与非标记现象联系起来,因此为物质过程的非标记现在时态提供了原型的类型学依据。

In his masterpiece An Introduction to Functional Grammar, Halliday holds that the unmarked present tense in mental process is simple present, while that in material process is present in present. The author here calls this idea in question. Within the frame of prototype theory, this paper gives the evidence of grammatical prototype to the argument that simple present tense, instead of present in present, serves as unmarked present tense in material process. The prototype concept evokes the image of unmarkedness, therefore the paper provides simultaneously sufficient typological evidence to determine the unmarked present tense in material process.