城市化进程中广州市景观格局的时空变化与梯度分异

Spatio-temporal change and gradient differentiation of landscape pattern in Guangzhou City during its urbanization.

以广州市为研究对象，利用1985、1990、1995、2000和2004五期遥感影像，研究了广州市20年来景观空间格局的时空变化特征．结果表明，广州市1985～2004年间景观格局变化明显，斑块数和斑块密度增加，斑块的形状更加不规则，景观结构更加复杂，景观各指数的动态变化反映了景观格局明显分异变化的特征，但变化速率、强度和发展态势在全市和不同行政区表现出梯度变化特征．番禺区受城市化过程和人类活动的干扰主要发生在1990年以后，花都区的重要城市化过程主要发生在1985～1995年间，但整体受干扰程度和幅度相对小．增城和从化的景观组分变化主要发生在1990～2000年间，城区受城市化过程影响表现出的趋势和整个研究区最相似，表现为受城市化干扰程度大、城市化过程时间长、开始时间早等特点，表明不同分区的景观格局呈现出不同的时空变化特征．

Guangzhou City is a rapidly urbanizing city in China, and a constructed city with holistic planning. By using the remote sensing images of 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2004, this paper studied the 20 years spatio-temporal changes of landscape pattern in Guangzhou, and analyzed the relationships between these changes and urbanization. The landscape and class-level pattern indices of whole Guangzhou City and its five districts were compared, and the results indicated that the landscape pattern in Guangzhou had an obvious spatio-temporal variation, and an increase of diversity and fractal dimension. The landscape structural complexity and fragmentation increased gradually from 1985 to 2004, and the variation intensity and tendency varied during four comparative stages 1985 1990, 1990 - 1995, 1995 - 2000, and 2000 - 2004. It was a rapid development period from 1985 to 1995 in Guangzhou. The represents of ten districts varied in their spatio-temporal landscape pattern, because of the different development progress and planning motive. The urbanization of Panyu was from1990 to 2000, and its natural landscape was seriously disturbed by human activities. The represents of Conghua and Zengcheng districts were of integrative disturbance, and also, the urbanization process mainly took place during 1990-2000. In the city center consisting of 8 official constructed districts, the urbanization process happened earlier. In Huadu district, the landscape change revealed the frequent and severe human disturbance.