微生物降解塑料的研究进展

Present research of using PHAs synthesized by microbes

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)是许多原核微生物在不平衡生长条件下合成的细胞内能量和碳源储藏性物质,作为完全可生物降解的热塑性聚酯而倍受关注。它除了具有与化学合成高分子相似的性质外,还具有比重大、光学活性好、透氧性低、抗紫外线辐射、生物可降解性、生物组织相溶性、压电性和抗凝血性等特点,因而在电子、光学、农业、生物医学、食品包装等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述了近几年来国内外对PHAs微生物合成的研究进展,同时对PHAs的应用前景进行了展望。

Polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates ,hich were synthesized by numerous bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm of cells. PHAs have been recognized as a sort of new candidates for producing biodegradable plastic,they possess not only mechanical properties similar to synthetic polymers, but many nice characteristics such as high density, good on optics,low permeability of oxygen, anti - ultraviolet radiation, biodegradability, biocompatbility, piezoelectricity and anti - coagulation etc., leading to its great potential for applications in many fields such as electric ,optic, agricultural,biomedical and food packaging regions. This paper mainly reviews the progress in biosynthesis of PHAs in recent years,and application prospect of PHAs is prospected at the same time.