冲击波暴露后豚鼠耳蜗基底膜撕裂伤

Lacerating injury in basilar membrane of guinea pig exposed to blast

目的探讨爆炸冲击波和实验性冲击波负压引起耳蜗基底膜机械损伤的组织病理学特点。方法将豚鼠暴露于爆炸冲击波和实验性冲击波负压后,分别应用火棉胶包埋组织切片技术和基底膜硬铺片技术,于光学显微镜下观察。结果爆炸冲击波和实验性冲击波负压暴露后8～24h即可见基底膜外毛细胞大部分缺失。当爆炸冲击波超压峰值达到121kPa和实验性冲击波负压峰值达到-78.4kPa时,分别发现穿透基底膜全层的位于第二转的横形及纵形机械性撕裂伤,横形撕裂伤穿透基底膜全层,从内毛细胞内侧直至第三排外毛细胞外侧;纵形撕裂形状不规则,长度相当于与其相邻的10个内毛细胞空间位置,宽度累及第二、三排外毛细胞区,一端累及内毛细胞区。结论较大强度的爆炸冲击波和实验性冲击波负压均可导致豚鼠耳蜗基底膜的机械性撕裂性损伤。

Objective To observe the histological characteristics of injury to basilar membrane in guinea pig exposed to explosive blast waves and experimental blast underpressure. Methods The guinea pigs were respectively exposed to explosive blast waves or experimental blast underpressure. The basilar membranes in guinea pigs were observed by light microscope. Results Most of the outer hair cells were lost and lacerating injury was seen in the basilar membrane of guinea pigs in 8 -24 h after exposure to explosive blast waves and experimental blast underpressure. Transverse and longitudinal lacerating injuries were seen in the second turn when the peak pressure of explosive blast waves and experimental blast underpressure respectively reached 121 kPa and -78.4 kPa. Transverse lacerating injuries covered from the IHC to the third row of OHC. Longitudinal lacerating injury was irregular and its length equaled to that of ten IHCs. Its width covered from the IHC to the second or third row of OHC. Conclusion The exposure to explosive blast waves and experimental blast underpressure may induce lacerating injuries in the basilar membrane of guinea pigs.