“生于忧患而死于安乐”——论孟子的忧患意识

Living in the Consciousness of Suffering,Dying at Ease——ON Mencius' Consciousness of Suffering

《孟子》一书中充满着强烈的对民生、对理想、对士风、对事业的忧患意识,孟子的忧患意识是对孔子的忧患意识的直接继承;是对《诗经》及《山海经》等上古神话忧患意识的吸收;是理想和现实的尖锐冲突的表现;是各家学说之间的辩难与竞争的反映;受孟子自信、外向、内求的性格,好胜、好辩洋溢着阳刚之气的崇尚豪放的审美情趣和推己及人的思维方式影响,孟子的忧患意识具有四个方面的显著特征。

Is full of consciousness of suffering, including four aspects ： about the living of the masses, about the ideal government of benevolence, about the ethos of the officials and about the great undertaking of Confucianism. The origin of Mencius＇ consciousness of suffering is from five aspects： directly succeeding to Confucius＇ consciousness of suffering; absorbing it from ancient myth such as The Book of Songs and Shan Hal Jing. the expression of the conflict between ideality and realism, the reflection of the competitions among the schools in the field of ideology, the results of the influence of Mencius＇s characteristics： confidence and extroversion, emulation and loquacity, sentiment of bold and unconstrained, and the ways of putting - oneself- in - the - place - of - another thinking. Mencius＇ consciousness of suffering is of obvious characteristics in four aspects.