尊重个人利益是衡量制度设计是否科学的关键

On the Positive Action of Private Interest in the Institution Design

曼德维尔在《蜜蜂的寓言》中提出了“私人恶德即公共利益”的思想,他通过寓言得出结论:国家的繁荣和人民的普遍幸福,只有顺应人的利己本性才能得到实现。因此,在进行制度设计时必须充分认识和评价个人利益的积极作用。就公私两种行为而言,制度是针对人的利己主义行为的,尊重个人利益是衡量制度设计是否科学的关键。制度的主要功能是调动人的积极性,而要做到这些就必须解决“个人利益”与“公共利益”之间的关系,即如何能够使人人像关心个人利益一样关心公共利益,这就是私利公益问题。制度设计的目标是实现私利公益,而只有建立在尊重个人利益基础上的制度设计才能实现社会公益的目标。

Mandevell proposes the idea of ＂the private bad conduct is the public interest＂ in its The Bee＇s Fable, He arrived at the conclusion through the fable that the prosperity of a country and general happiness of its people has come true in accordance with human self-regarding nature. Therefore ,we must all think about and correctly appraise the positive role of the private interest in institution design. Institution aims at the self-serving action of human beings in the light of two kinds of actions, the public and the private. Respecting the private interest is the key by which we judge whether an institution design is scientific. The chief function of the system is to mobilize human positive action. Therefore, we must correctly deal with the relation between the public and private interest, that is, how everyone can concern the public interest as they take after the private interest. The goal of institution design is realizing the private and public interest. We can realize the aim of the private and public interest so long as the institution design is to lay down the base of private interest.