温尼科特的儿童精神分析学评介

Winnicott's Study on Child Psychoanalysis: A Review

温尼科特是英国精神分析客体关系学派的领军人物,以其独特的儿童精神分析的理论与实践研究著称于世。其主要的理论架构包括够好的母亲与促进性环境、真实自体与虚假自体以及过渡客体与过渡现象;分析性治疗强调了环境的作用、退行至依赖的治疗过程以及游戏治疗。然而,应当看到温尼科特研究中也有明显的缺陷,他的理论不成体系且有诸多自相矛盾之处。很多研究者质疑他在个体发展中对环境作用的过分强调,却看不到个体的责任表现于何处;父亲的地位在其理论中是无足轻重的;儿童性欲的问题也没有得到确定的解释。

Winnicott plays a leading role in the Object Relation School of English Psychoanalysis. He is famous for his unique study on theories and practices of child psychoanalysis. His main theories include good-enough mother and facilitating environment, true-self and false-self, transitional object and transitional phenomena, etc. His analytic therapy emphasizes the role of the environment, therapeutic courses of regression to dependence and the play therapy.