论孙盛的老子观

On Sunsheng's Understanding of Lao Zi

曹魏正始之后,“儒墨之言见鄙,道家之言遂昌”。然而,西晋末年以降,重建社会秩序的呼声日益高涨,思想领域里开始出现公开贬低老庄的现象,孙盛就是其中的典型代表。孙盛将老子其人定位为中贤,其论老的主要标准是儒家礼教;而他对老子其书的评价则多采用从字面上寻找矛盾的方法展开,以达到有意贬低老子的目的。孙盛的老子观,重拾正始以前的儒家价值观,反映了玄学发展到东晋以后,有识之士对玄学产生的消极社会影响的深刻反思,以及向儒家礼法的回归。

From Zhengshi of the Wei Dynasty, people began to despise Confucianism and began to attach importance to taoism. But form the late period of the Western - jin Dynasty, the advocating of reestablishing social order had been upswing. The circumstances of debasing Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi in public appeared, Sunsheng was a typical scholar. On the one hand, Sunsheng ranked Lao Zi on the third grade, which meaned Lao Zi didn＇t belong to saint or the greatest wisdom, but belonged to the middle wisdom. The primary standard of the his ranking was Confucianism. On the other hand, in order to debase Lao Zi intentionally, Sunsheng evaluated Taodejing by searching literal antinomy of the book. In conclusion, Sunsheng＇ s understanding of Lao Zi pickde up the value judgment of Confucianism before Zhengshi, which reflected the foresight people＇ s profound reconsidering of negative influence of Xuanxue and their returning to Confucianism.