生物传感器的研究进展综述

Survey of biosensors research progress

生物传感器是以固定化的生物成分(如,酶、蛋白质、DNA、抗体、抗原)或生物体本身(如,细胞、微生物、组织等)为敏感材料,与适当的化学换能器相结合,用于快速检测物理、化学、生物量的新型器件。最初,以酶电极的生物传感器开始,逐渐扩展到多种技术,如,离子敏场效应管、光纤、声表面波、石英晶体谐振器及表面等离子体谐振技术将生物传感器的发展推向一个新的阶段。生物传感器在环境监测、医学研究、食品工业、发酵工业等领域已得到广泛应用。

Biosensor is a novel device, which use immobilized biomolecules （enzyme, protein, DNA, antibody, antigen） and organisms（ cells, micro-organism, tissue） as sensitive material, together with chemical transducer, it can be used to detect variables of physics, chemistry and biophysics. Many new technologies are helpful to biosensor develop, such as field effect transistor （ FET）, fiber optics tuber （ FOS ）, surface audio wave （ SAW ）, quartz crystal resonator（QCR） ,surface plasmon resonce（SPR）. Biosensors are broadly used in zymosis industry, environment monitor,food monitor and clinic medicine.