江西省余江县土壤肥力变化和驱动因素与对策研究

Driving Factors and Countermeasure for the Temporal-Spatial Variability of Soil Fertility in Yujiang County of Jangxi Province

对照分析了余江县第二次土壤普查时期和2003年土壤养分和土壤pH的时空变化和土壤肥力综合指数变化。运用模糊数学、多元统计和层次分析方法,选取指标并计算了余江县土壤肥力各指标的隶属度、权重,并最终求得土壤肥力综合指数。通过比较发现,20年来,余江县土壤pH有显著下降,土壤酸化加重;速效磷、速效钾有较大幅度的显著提高;而有机质略有下降、全氮略有升高,但是变化幅度不大,不明显;土壤肥力综合指数显著增加。分析了变化的驱动因素主要是农业产业结构的调整和施肥量增加、施肥结构的更加合理,还与气候、地形、酸雨和土壤侵蚀的改善有一定的关系。并根据余江县的实际提出了合理对策。

This paper analyzed the temporal - spatial variability of soil nutrient and pH and the soil fertility index in the period of the second national soil survey and the year of 2003. We calculated the membership index and weight by using the fuzzy math method, multi - analysis theory and .AHP method. We found that-after 20 years of the soil survey in Yujiang county the soil pH decreased due to soil acidification and available phosphorus and potassium remarkably increased. Soil organic matter slightly decreased and soil total nitrogen slightly rised, but the soil fertility complex index increased. We analyzed the driving factors. They are mainly the adjusted agriculture structure, increased fertilization quantity and better fertilization structure. Besides,it was also related to Yujiang＇s climate, landform, acid rain and the improvement of soil erosion. We finally put forward some countermeasures for improving the soil fertility in Yujiang county.