从“科层式供给”到“合作化供给”——街区公共服务供给机制的个案分析

From Bureaucratic providing mode to Cooperative providing model

就经验层面而言,政府在很长一段时间内都是街区公共服务的直接供给主体,或者由政府先将服务分配给其代理组织———单位,然后再由单位直接分配到个人。这种基于政府科层体系的供给机制可称为“科层式供给”,其特征是供给渠道的垂直性和单向度性。在街区公共服务供给短缺甚至缺失的困境下,寻求可能而可行的街区公共服务供给机制便有了必然性。个案研究表明,目前的街区公共服务供给机制,已经从原来建立在行政权力基础上的“科层式供给”趋向于街区组织在资源交换基础上的“合作化供给”,并达成共同治理或共同生产的效果。

The providing model for urban community service is a bureaucratic providing mode in Danwei times. That means the government is the only provider of the community service or offers the community service to the individuals through Danwei system. However, because of the limited providing capacity and the fiscal crisis the government must find one new way to increase the output of community service. Through the case study of one philanthropy organization the author argued that there occur one new cooperative providing model based on the resource exchange between the local government and grass-rooted nonprofit organization to provide community service in the Contemporary China.