微型燃气轮机向心透平性能试验装置与测量系统

A Performance Test Rig and its Measuring System for Centripetal Turbines of Micro-Gas-Turbines

为开发100 kW微型燃气轮机,自主设计建造了高速高精度向心透平性能试验装置。对其主体部分的关键问题,如转子支撑、动平衡等,进行了深入分析与探讨。试验台功率吸收装置采用高速水力测功器,最高转速为50 000 r/min,最大吸收功率150 kW。针对水力测功器标定系统的不足,给出了一种简单实用的解决方案,并对水力测功器力传感器进行了标定。对该试验台向心透平总静效率的测量误差及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明:效率极限误差为±0.011 4,流量对效率误差的影响因子要较其它物理量大,因而应尽可能提高流量的测量精度。

For the purpose of developing micro-gas-turbines of 100 kW capacity, a high speed precision performance test rig for centripetal turbines has been designed and built. Intensive analyzing and exploring work has been performed concerning key problems of its principal components, like ways of supporting the rotor and their dynamic balancing. A hydraulic dynamometer for a maximal rotational speed of 50000r. p. m and with a maximal power absorbing capacity of 150 kW is provided. A simple and practical way of calibrating the hydraulic dynamometer, which had been a problem before, is proposed and has been used. Errors committed in determining the turbine＇ s efficiency by using the torque-speed method, or by using the calculation method with the help of thermodynamic measurements, are being analyzed together with the influencing factors concerned. Results show, that the error of the former method is less than that of the latter, respectively being （0.382% and 0.988 %. Regardless of which method is being used, the efficiency error＇s influencing factors of total temperature and of mass flow are smaller by an order of one or two than those of physical quantities like pressure, torque and rotational speed. Therefore, endeavors should be made to raise the measuring precision of total temperature and mass flow as much as possible. Figs 4, tables 3 and refs 11.