对区域环境污染管理政策工具选择的理论再思考

Restudy on Selecting Policy Tools of China's Regional Pollution Control

和传统的污染缴费管理制度相比,排污许可权交易制度是一种比较有效的环境管理政策工具。然而,在当前的区域行政管理体制下,该制度并不是解决我国区域环境污染控制管理的最优政策选择。从严格的意义上讲,最优的环境污染控制管理政策应当是以征收污染排放税为主,而实行排污权交易则只能作为辅助手段。在任何一个税收制度或者排污权交易制度下,应当建立区域环境管理中心权威机构,以解决单个地区跨界污染问题。

Comparing with Chinese traditional environment management policy, implementing a system of tradable permits is more effective in attaining the policy objective with regard to the regional pollution reduction. This paper believes that it is not the first - best optimal choice for China to control its regional environment pollution by implementing the emission permit trade system. It is also believed that, from the strictest point of view, the optimal policy for China＇s regional environment pollution control would give priority to the environment tax policy, and then integrate it with the tradable emission permits. Finally, this paper stresses that a center authority organization should be constituted to manage the individual regional environment pollutions whatever the policy choosing will be in China.