作为准合约的大学——以中国公办大学为例

Chinese Public University as a Nexus of Quasi-Contract

本文用契约经济学的方法研究大学组织,把大学视为一个准合约,在绝大多数产品和大部分要素已经进入市场的状态下,进入大学组织的一部分要素基于自由谈判和契约,另一部分基于命令体制。准合约的现状规定了合作剩余的索取权和控制权分布不同于一般的企业组;密集使用高级人力资本,以及谈判力分布因人力资本专用性强度的变化相应变化,导致大学治理结构也有其自身特征:剩余索取和剩余控制权不对称以及两权更分散分享。

This essay studies a special organization, namely university, on the perspective of contractual economics. It considers Chinese public universities as a nexus of quasi contract in which some elements enter into organization though free negotiation, while part of those by bureaucratic order. In such an organization, the distribution of residual claims and the rights of residual control are different from those of general companies. The governance structure of our universities is characterized by the asymmetric distribution of the two types of rights, which are shared by a larger range of people involved in the organization.