塔里木河的洪水及其对环境的影响

SOME PROBLEMS ABOUT FLOODS OF THE TARIM RIVER

塔里木河作为干旱区最长的一条内陆河，它的洪水问题一直引人关注。本文就塔里木河突发性洪水、易发生洪灾的一般年份的洪水、洪水与中游地区塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘淡水资源以及下游环境等四个方面的问题进行了研究。

The problem of floods of the Tarim river, the longest inland river in arid areas, has been paid great attention. This paper presents four aspects of the problem to be discussed.1. Flash floods.Two kind of flash floods are raised, namely rainstorm flash flood and glacier lake outburst flash flood (GLOF). It analyses and compares the causes and the development of the two kinds of flash floods. Through further discussion about influence of flash floods on the main channel of the Tarim river, conclusion can be drawn that the greatest flood in record of the main channel come from the GLOF of the upper reaches of Kunmalik river, especially augmented by great ablation flood. 2. General floods easily lead to flood hazards. Through the analysis on the flood-flowing ability of the river course and the example of great hazards in 1986, it suggest that the water resource management need strengthening in the alternation year from low volume water to high volume flow. 3.Relation to the fresh water resources in the northern part of the Taklimakan Desert and 4. Concerning the environment of the lower reaches of the ricer. it is researched that fresh water in the abandoned channels of the river has obtained supplement from the annual floods through two ways. Harnessing flood is the key problem to the improvement of the environment of lower reaches.