20世纪五六十年代的东南亚华侨问题与美国对华遏制政策

The Problem of Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and the American Policy of Containment towards China during the 1950s and 1960s

中国革命的胜利以及中美对抗格局的形成,使原已存在的东南亚华侨问题更加复杂。美国旋即从遏制中国的角度介入该问题,并制定了详尽的政策。例如,鼓励台湾当局争取华侨支持;排斥中国在华侨教育中的影响;鼓吹“中国威胁论”,破坏中国与东南亚国家的关系;充分发挥香港在华侨政策中的独特作用;等等。1960年,美国又根据形势发展,调整了它对东南亚华侨的政策。但是,不管美国的政策如何变化,其遏制中国的基本目标却始终如一。

The victory of the Chinese revolution and the formation of Sino-U.S. confrontation further complicated the problem of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia during the 1950s and 1960s. The United States got involved into the problem in order to contain China and formulated a series of policies, including egging on Taiwan to get support from the overseas Chinese, countering the Communist influence in Chinese schools in Southeast Asia, trumpeting the so-called 'Chinese Communist threat,' alienating China from the Southeast Asia countries and making full use of the unique role of Hong Kong in overseas Chinese affairs. In 1960, the United States made adjustments to its policy toward overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia based on the then prevailing situation. However, no matter what changes were made the United States never departed from its objective to contain China.