不同改土物料对烤烟养分吸收及碳、氮代谢的影响

Effect of different soil amelioration materials on nutrient uptake and the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen of tobacco

利用一定数量石灰、白云石粉、粉煤灰、废菌棒和化肥构成7种不同的改土物料组合,以常规化肥为对照,通过盆栽试验探讨不同改土物料组合对烤烟养分吸收及碳、氮代谢作用的影响。结果表明,土壤施用不同改土物料组合可以促进烟株对氮、磷、钾、钙、锰和锌等矿质养分吸收,提高烟叶光合色素和氨基酸含量,增强烟株光合作用,促进烟株碳、氮代谢,其中均以“石灰+菌棒+常规化肥”组合效果最好,其烟叶氮、磷、钾、钙、锰和锌含量分别比对照提高138.5%、80.0%、33.9%4、2.3%9、8.7%和85.1%。烟叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量分别比对照增加45.1%、69.2%、100.0%和336.7%;烟株净光合速率比对照高近6倍,烟叶氨基酸总量及谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸含量分别比对照提高31.54、.1、3.4和3.1 g/kg。表明“石灰+废菌棒+常规化肥”组合可作为福建烟区土壤较理想的改土物料。

In order to ameliorate soils in tobacco growing area and raise the yields and qualities of tobacco, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different combination of seven ameliorating materials namely lime, dolomite, fly ash, culture waste of edible fungi and chemical fertilizer on nutrient uptake and metabolism of carbon and nitrogen of tobacco with general chemical fertilization as control. The results showed that applying whatever ameliorating materials could enhance N, P, K, Ca, Mn and Zn uptake, increase the contents of photosynthetic pigment and amino acid in tobacco, strengthen tobacco photosynthesis, and promote the metabolism of C and N in tobacco, among which effectiveness of the combination of lime, culture waste of edible fungi and chemical fertilizer was most distinguished. It increased N, P, K, Ca, Mn and Zn contents in tobacco leaves by 138.5% ,80.0% ,33.9% ,42.3% ,98.7% and 85.1%, and enhanced the contents of chlorophyll A and B,total chlorophyll and carotinoid in the tobacco leaves by 45.1% ,69.2%, 100.0% and 336.7 % compared with control, respectively. Applying lime, culture waste of edible fungi and chemical fertilizer also increased the rate of net photosynthesis of tobacco six times, and contents of total amino acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine of tobacco leaves by 31.5,4.1,3.4 and 3.1 g/kg compared with control, respectively. These indicated that the combination of lime, culture waste of edible fungi and chemical fertilizer should be idea soil ameliorating materials for Fujian tobacco growing areas.