果梅花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长特性研究

Characteristics of Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Prunus mume in Vitro

研究了果梅（Prunus mume Sieb.1et Zucc.）花粉在不同培养基组分、花粉不同培养密度和不同温度及培养时间的离体萌发和花粉管生长特性.结果表明：＇细叶青＇花粉萌发及花粉管生长最适宜的液体培养基为30mmol/LMES（pH 6.5）缓冲液中含20%蔗糖,0.01%硼酸,20%PEG4000,0.03%Ca（NO3）2·4H2O,0.02%MgSO4·7H2O;萌发率达45.03%,花粉管长度达597.2 μm.适宜于果梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的花粉粒密度为20～80粒/μL培养温度过高或过低都不利于果梅花粉的萌发和生长,25℃时花粉萌发和花粉管生长最好.“细叶青”、“月世界”、“莺宿”3个品种的平均萌发率为48.6%,平均花粉管长度为762.3 μm.果梅花粉在不同培养温度下,萌发及生长不同,在25℃条件下花粉管生长速度最快,集中在0～12 h内,3个品种花粉管平均生长速度为58.5μm/h.

The study examined pollen germinations and pollen tube growth of Prunusmume Sieb. Let Zucc. cultured with different medium components at different pollen densities and different temperatures and different times. It was shown that in Xiyeqing, the optimal medium of pollen germination and pollen tube growth was 30 mmol/L MES buffer （pH 6.5） containing 20% sucrose,0.01%H3BO3 ,20% PEG-4000, 0.03% Ca（NO3）2· 4H2O and 0. 02% MgSO4·%7H2O; on the medium, the germination rate reached 45.03% and the pollen tube length reached 597.2μm;and the optimal pollen density of pollen germination and pollen tube growth was 20480 pollens/mL. In Prunus murne too high and too low a culture temperature were not favorable for pollen germination and pollen tube growth and optimal pollen germination and optimal pollen tube growth appeared at 25C. The average pollen germinations of the tree varieties, Xiyeqing,Gessekai and Oushuku was 48.6% and their average pollen tube length was 762.3 μm. Cultured at different temperatures Prunus rnume pollens germinated differently, and cultured at 25℃the pollen tubes grew most quickly, mainly within 0 ~ 12 hours, and the average pollen tube growth rate of the tree varieties was 58.5 μm/h.