明清山东方言复数词尾“们(每)”

The Plural Suffix "们(每)"in Shandong Dialect in Ming and Qing Periods

明清山东方言中复数词尾“们(每)”的用法比较多样化,就用于指人名词(普通名词和专有名词)后的“们”而言,其意义有四种:真性复数;连类复数;总括两个有关系的名词,跟一个连词异曲同工;不表复数义,只构成一个音缀。连类复数义显示了“们”尾与“辈”之间的语源关系;“们”尾与表示数量的词语并用与现代汉语也有很大不同。

The plural suffix “们（每）”has some kinds of usages in Shandong Dialect in Ming and Qing periods. When “们（每）” is used behind the nouns which refer to persons, including common nouns and special nouns, it has four meanings ： first, real plural ; second, plural that the paradigmatic relationship of related figures represented ; third, sum up two nouns ;fourth ,just as a syllable. The second meaning shows the relationship of origin and development between “们” and “辈” .And it is quite different from the Modern Chinese that “们” and numerals are used at the same time.