轮对内侧距对机车车辆动力学性能影响的试验研究

Test Study on the Influence of the Distance between Backs of the Wheel Flanges on Rolling Stock′s Dynamic Performance

在分析国内外轮对内侧距方面已有研究结果的基础上,在不改变车轮踏面形状、轨距和钢轨轨头形状的情况下,进行单纯改变车辆轮对内侧距的滚动台试验研究,分析等效锥度对轮轨接触几何关系的影响,得出以下结论。①在保持轮轨接触几何关系相同的情况下,增加轮对内侧距有利于改善轮轨关系和机车车辆动力学性能。②在车轮踏面形状、轨距、钢轨轨头形状等保持不变的情况下,单纯改变轮对内侧距,必然会导致轮轨接触关系的变化,从而影响机车车辆的动力学性能;对于我国目前采用的车轮踏面形状、轨距、钢轨轨头形状而言,轮对内侧距从1 353 mm变化到1 360 mm,将导致轮轨接触等效锥度的增加,从而降低车辆的运动稳定性临界速度。③轮对内侧距的选取与车轮踏面形状的选择密切相关,在改变轮对内侧距以后,必须根据轮轨接触几何关系的变化重新对其进行综合优化,确定合适的车轮轮缘踏面外形。

Based on the analysis of the test results home and abroad, the test study on the influence of the distance between backs of the wheel flanges on rolling stock＇s dynamic performance was carried out on the rolling rig, in which the distance between backs of the wheel flanges was the only variable while the wheel tread profile, rail gage and rail head profile kept constant. It also analyzed the influence of the wheel-rail equivalent conicity. The conclusions are as follows. 1. Properly increasing the distance between backs of the wheel flanges can improve the dynamic performance of rolling stock when wheel/rail contact geometry keep same. 2. While the wheel tread profile, rail gage and rail head profile keep same, the change of the distance between backs of the wheel flanges makes the wheel/rail contact geometry and the dynamic performance of rolling stock change. For currently adopted wheel tread profile, rail gage and rail head profile for Chinese railway, the change of the distance between backs of the wheel flanges from 1 353 m to 1 360 m will result in the increase of wheel-rail equivalent conicity and consequently decrease the critical speed of vehicle motion stability. 3. The influence of the distance between backs of the wheel flanges on wheel/rail contact geometry is closely correlated with the wheel tread shape. When the distance between backs of the wheel flanges changes, the tread profile must be redesigned to ensure proper wheel/rail contact geometry.