奈达“功能对等”理论基础的再思考

Some Thoughts on the Theoretical Bases of Nida's Functional Equivalence

奈达的翻译理论在中国的传播经历了由盛到衰的过程后,近几年译界开始了对奈达翻译理论的冷静反思。“功能对等”理论是奈达翻译理论的核心,本文以构建“功能对等”的理论基础为视角,指出“功能对等”建立在接受美学基础上的观点是错误的,并探讨了构建“功能对等”的理论基础———信息论、语言学和社会符号学及其存在的问题,以期对“功能对等”理论有正确的认识与评价。

Eugene A. Nida is one of the greatest translation theorists in the world. ＂Functional equivalence＂ is the core of his translation theory system. There exist some misunder-standings to this theory in China, which bring about two trends, complete acceptance or complete rejection to the theory. This article will, by taking the theoretical bases of ＂functional equivalence＂ as the perspective, point out ＂functional equivalence＂ is not based on reception aesthetics, but on information theory, linguistics and social semiotics and explore its limitations, which helps to reach a correct understanding and evaluation of ＂functional equivalence＂.